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CSS3+HTML5 实现¥¼来Web设计
传统来说¡A¤j®a¦bCSS¤¤¨Ï¥Îªº颜¦ân¤\¬O16进¨î®æ¦¡¡An¤\¬Orgb®æ¦¡¡A´N¹³rgb(171,205,239)¡C
 CSS3带来¤F¤@¨Ç·sªº处²z颜¦âªº¤èªk¡A¤ñ¦p¨Ï¥ÎHSL(Hue, Saturation, Light) ©Mopacity/alpha³q¹D¡C¤£©¯ªº¬O¡A现¦b¥u¦³Firefox 3+, Chrome 1.0+ ©MSafari 3+ ¥H¤Î¤@¨Çl¥Íªº浏览¾¹§¹¥þ¤ä«ù¥¦们¡C¦ý¬O§Ú们¥i¥H尽§Ú们©Ò¯à¡A¦ÓIEª½¨ìInternet Explorer 9¤~会开©l¤ä«ù¤@¨ÇCSS3属©Ê¡C
Opacity
这¨ä实¬O¤@个旧属©Ê¡A¥O¤HÕa©_ªº¬O¡A¥¦³QIEªº当«eª©¥»¤ä«ù¡X¡X尽ºÞ¬O¥H¤@Ïú¤ñ较Î`杂ªº¤èªk¡C
Opacity将¾ã个CSS 对¶H变³z©ú¡A©Ò¦³ªº¤l¤¸¯Àªº³z©ú«×¤]会Óì当ªº继©Ó¡C©x¤èªº语ªk¦p¤U¡G
opacity: [0-1ªº¤p数];
©Ò¥H¤@个opacity: 0.5;设¸m会让对¶H50%³z©ú¡C尽ºÞ较·sªº浏览¾¹积Ì媺¤ä«ù¥¦¡A¦Ñªº浏览¾¹还¬O»Ýn¤@¨Ç©w¨îªº¥N码¡A´N¹³IE浏览¾¹¤@ý©¡C
¥Ø«e较¦ÑªºFirefoxª©¥»¡A§Ú们»Ýn¨Ï¥Î-moz-«e缀¡A¦Ó对¤_旧ªºSafari/Chromeª©¥»¡A§Ú们»Ýn¨Ï¥Î-webkit-«e缀¡C¦Ó对¤_§ó¦Ñªº还¦b¨Ï¥ÎKHTML内®Ö¦Ó¤£¬Owebkit内®ÖªºSafariª©¥»来说¡A§Ú们»Ýn¨Ï¥Î-khtml-¡C¨º¤\¦pªG§Ú们·Q¤ä«ù¨C¤@个浏览¾¹¡A§Ú们ªº¥N码应该¬O这ý©ªº¡G
opacity: 0.5;
-moz-opacity: 0.5;
-webkit-opacity: 0.5;
-khtml-opacity: 0.5;
°Ú¡Aµyµ¥¡IIE«ç¤\办¡H¦n§a¡AIEªºÚ̧¹¥þ¤£¤ä«ù这个¡A¦ý¬O¥¦¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@个¨p¦³ªº滤镜¡C传统ªº¤èªk简µu§ãn¡G
filter:alpha(opacity=50);
请ª`·N对¤_IE§Ú们»Ýn¨Ï¥Î从0¨ì100ªº¾ã数¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹³opacity属©Ê¨ºý©ªº¤p数¡C§闷ªº¬O¡AInternet Explorer 8´£¨Ñ¤F¤@个·sªº¤èªk来处²z¡C¤£n尝试¹³¥t¤@个¨ºý©记¦í这个¡A这¬O«Ü长ªº¤@个¡G
-ms-filter: "progid XImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=50)";
当µM¡A¦pªG§A·Q¤ä«ù旧ªºIE浏览¾¹¡A§A将¤£±o¤£¨Ï¥Î¤W±ªº¨º个µuªº¡A这¤]´N·N¨ýþÓ¦pªGnÝ®e绝¤j³¡¤À浏览¾¹¡A§A»Ýn总¦@¤»条CSS语¥y¡C
PS¡G¨Æ实¤W¡ASafari从1.2ª©¥»(2004¦~)´N开©l¤ä«ùopacity属©Ê¤F¡AKHTML内®ÖªºSafai°ò¥»«Ü难¦A§ä¨ì¤F¡A¦Ó¨Æ实¤W¡AKonqueror从¥¼¤ä«ù过-khtml-opacity属©Ê¡A©Ò¥H请¤£n¦A¨Ï¥Î¥¦(§Ú¦b½译ªº时Ô¦Ò虑¨ìì¤åªº§¹¾ã©Ê¡A©Ò¥H¦}没¦³对¤W±ªº¥N码§@¥X×¥¿)¡COpera从9.0开©l¤ä«ùCSS3ªºopacity¡A¦ÓFirefoxª½¨ì3.5¤~ì¥Í¤ä«ùopacity¡CIE8ªº-ms-¦A¥[¤Wfilter¯u¬O·L软ªº¤Ñ¤~§@«~°Ú¡I¤£过请ª`·N¡A¦pªG§An¦P时¨Ï¥Îfilter©M-ms-filter¡A请ª`·N将-ms-filter写¦bfilterªº«e±¡C¡X¡X¯«飞
RGBa
¤U±让§Ú们讨论¤@¤URGBa¡CRGBa¬O对ì©lªºRGBªº扩®i¡A¥¦¥[¤J¤F²Ä¥|个参数¡Galpha³q¹D¡Calpha³q¹D参数ªö¥Î0 ¨ì1¤§间ªº¤p数¡A´N¹³opacity¨ºý©¡C¨Ï¥ÎRGBa¦Ó¤£¬OopacityªºÉ¬势¬O¡A当¨Ï¥ÎRGBaªº时Ô¡A³z©ú¤£会³Q应¥Î¨ì¤l¤¸¯À¡C这¤]´N¤@¦ìþÓ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¤@个³z©ú对¶H¨½±¨Ï¥Î¤@个§¹¥þ¤£³z©úªº¤l对¶H¡A¦Ó当§A¨Ï¥Îopacityªº时Ô¡A³z©ú对¶Hªº¤l¤¸¯À¤]¬O³z©úªº¡C
¨Ï¥ÎRGBa¤£¯à¦A简单¤F¡G
div {
background: rgb(255,0,0); /* The old one */
background: rgba(255,0,0,0.5); /* The new one */
}
¥¿¦p§A¬Ý¨ìªº¨ºý©¡A§Ú们渐渐³q过²K¥[¤@个¦r¥À©M¥t¥~¤@个参数´N将¤@个实Ê^ªº红¦â变为¥b³z©úªº红¦â¤F¡CRGBa³QFirefox 3+¡BSafari 3+¡BChrome 1.0+¥H¤ÎOpera 10¤ä«ù¡C¦ýIE还¬O¤£¤ä«ù¡CCSS-Tricks ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@个¨Ï¥Î¨p¦³滤镜ªº¤èªk来让¥¦¦bIE¤U¤]¥i¥H¤u§@:
<!--[if IE]>
<style type="text/css">
.color-block {
background:transparent;
filter:progid XImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=#99000050,endColorstr=#99000050);
zoom: 1;
}
>/style>
<![endif]-->
HSL
HSL¬O¤@个选择颜¦âªº«Üª½观ªº¤èªk¡C¦pªG§A»Ýn¡§¦A·t¤@点点¤I¡¨ ©Î ¡§¦A«G¤@点点¤I¡¨¡A¨Ï¥Î¤Q¤»进¨î组¦X会颇³Â烦§a¡C©¯运ªº¬O¡A³q过HSL¡A¥¦´N¬O仅仅¤@个简单ªº数¦r§ï变¡C
 HSL¥NªíHue(¦â调¡B¤]称¡§¦â¬Û¡¨)¡BSaturation(饱©M«×)©MLightness(©ú«×)¡CHue´N¬O¤@个¦â盘¤¤ªº颜¦â(参¦Ò¤W图)¡C¦â±m选择³q过«×数来ÚÌ©w¡A0º ´N¬O红¦â¡A120º ¬O绿¦â¡A¦Ó240º ´N¬O蓝¦â¡C当µM¡A§A¥i¥H选择¤¤间ªº¤£¦Pªº¦â±m组¦X¡A这ý©§A´N¦³这¨Ç¡G

Saturation(饱©M«×)¬O该¦â±m³Q¨Ï¥Î¤F¦h¤Ö¡C0%ªí¥Ü¦Ç«×¡A¤]´N¬O§Ú们¦}没¦³¨Ï¥Î这个颜¦â¡A¦Ó100%ªí¥Ü该颜¦â«Ü饱满¡C³q«Uªº讲¡A饱©M«×´N¬O颜¦âªº²`浅µ{µ{«×¡A鲜艳µ{«×
Lightness(©ú«×)¤]´N¬O该¦â±m¦³¦h«G¡C较§C设¸m·N¨ýþÓ·t¡A较°ª设¸m·N¨ýþÓ«G¡A0% ©M100%·N¨ýþÓ¤À别为¶Â©M¥Õ¡C
©Ò¥H¡A¤@个¨Ï¥Î¾í¦âªº50%饱©M«×+50%¦W³£ªºI´ºªº对¶H¬Ý°_来´N¹³这ý©¡G
div {background: hsl(30, 50%, 80%);}
¦pªG·Q让¥¦§ó«G¤@¨Ç©ÎªÌ·t¤@¨Ç¡A¥u»Ýn调¾ã³Ì¦Z¤@个参数´N¥i¥H¤F¡C
HSL³Q¤j³¡¤À浏览数¤ä«ù¡A¥]¬ASafari 3.2+¡BChrome¡BFirefox¡BOpera 9.6+¡AIE¤£¤ä«ù¡C
HSLA
当µM¡AHSLA ´N¬OHSL ªº扩®i¡A´N¹³RGBa¤@ý©¡A²K¥[¤F²Ä¥|个³z©ú参数¡C¨Ï¥ÎHSLA´N¹³RGBa¤@ý©简单¡A仅仅¦b¨º¨½贴¤W额¥~ªº参数´NOK¤F¡G
div {background: hsla(30, 50%, 80%, 0.5);}
这个¨Ò¤l¤]¬O¨Ï¥Î¤F¾í¦â¡A¦ý¬O²K¥[¤F50%³z©ú¡C
HSLA³Q¤j³¡¤À浏览¾¹¤ä«ù¡A¥]¬ASafari 3.2+¡BChrome¡BFirefox¡AIE¤£¤ä«ù¡A©MHSL¤£¦Pªº¬O¡AOpera9.6¦}¤£¤ä«ùHSLA¡Aª½¨ìOpera 10¤~开©l¤ä«ùHSLA¡C
总结
显µM¡AHSL ©MHSLA ¥u³QFirefox¡BSafari¡BChrome©MOperaµ¥浏览¾¹ªº较·sªºª©¥»¤ä«ù¡C¦Ó对¤wIEúÒ没¦³·Qopacity©MRGBa¨ºý©对应ªº¨p¦³属©Ê¤ä«ù¥¦们两个¡CµM¦Ó¡A这从来¤£会ªý¤î§A尝试©Î¥H¥¦们°µ实验¡C
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